Studies that have investigated neurocognitive alterations in BDP patients identified patterns of deficits that may be considered rather specific of this disorder and suggested that the severity of neuropsychological abnormalities is associated to a negative clinical outcome, poor treatment adherence, higher use of psychiatric services, and higher rates of hospitalization. Among cognitive deficits, impairment of executive functions and social cognition are considered prominent features of BPD patients. Some authors suggested that patients with a higher degree of physical and psychic traumatic experiences in childhood and adolescence show more severe neurocognitive deficits. The way in which traumatic events and neurocognitive deficits contribute to BPD psychopathology and their mutual interactions are still understudied. We have performed a RCT aimed to evaluate the differences in neurocognitive performances between BPD patients and healthy controls and to verify whether neurocognitive deficits may mediate the effect of traumas on BPD psychopathology. Results suggested that BPD patients showed an impairment of set-shifting, decision-making, planning and problem solving, and social cognition abilities in comparison with controls. Moreover, effect of early trauma on BPD psychopathology seem to be mediated by deficit in cognitive flexibility and social cognition. These findings, if confirmed, may also have useful therapeutic implications. For example, interventions of cognitive remediation that include tasks improving metacognition and social interactions could produce positive changes both in cognitive flexibility and in social cognition and empathy, and obtain through these effects on cognitive domains the improvements of BPD symptoms. In this regard, we are performing a study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a new social cognition remediation intervention developed in schizophrenia (the Social Cognition Individualized Activities Lab) in patients with BPD.